Introduction
Whether you're stepping in for the first time or returning, welcome (back)!
This guide serves as a compass for your work. Our global community shares a dedication to continual learning, and a pivotal part of this journey involves comprehending and following our guidelines.
It's crucial to grasp that this article provides a guideline—think of it as a starting point. It doesn't intend to be an exhaustive manual on language use.
Additionally, if a customer's instruction conflicts with the language guidelines, the customer's directive always supersedes the language guidelines.
1. Grammar
Please keep in mind that your translation should be clear and consistent. You may change the original sentence structure or phrasing only if required for the sake of clarity, but the original and correct meaning must be conveyed.
1.1. Sentence structure
1.1.1. Simplicity
Hebrew leans more towards simple sentences than complex (מורכבים) ones. If there is a complex sentence in the source text, you may break it up into multiple simple sentences in the Hebrew version, but only where completely necessary to improve the flow.
1.1.2. Word order
Word order in Hebrew is more flexible than in English. In general, try to keep the original word order, except in cases where changing it would improve the flow or meaning of the target text.
1.1.3. Impersonal pronouns
The text needs to sound like it was originally written in Hebrew and has not been influenced by English grammar or vocabulary. When the subject or object of a source sentence is “it”, “that”, etc., an effort should be made to replace it in the translation with an actual noun, so that the translation sounds natural in Hebrew.
In general, the impersonal pronoun “it” + verb/adjective (in a verbal/nominal sentence, respectively) should not be translated to זה + verb/adjective but to either כינוי נסתר + verb/adjective (no explicit subject), or, if the subject is known, add it in full (noun/other subject + verb/adjective) as is natural in Hebrew. However, it is sometimes acceptable to use the word זה.
Examples
Source text | It was great (about a party, for example). |
✘ | .זה היה נהדר |
✓ | .המסיבה היתה נהדרת |
Source text | It doesn’t make sense to pay double delivery fees for the same package. |
✘ | .זה לא הגיוני לשלם פעמיים דמי משלוח על אותה החבילה |
✓ | .לא הגיוני לשלם פעמיים דמי משלוח על אותה החבילה |
Source text | It annoyed me that they made me pay double delivery fees for the same package. |
✘ | .זה עצבן אותי שהכריחו אותי לשלם פעמיים דמי משלוח על אותה החבילה |
✓ | .עצבן אותי שהכריחו אותי לשלם פעמיים דמי משלוח על אותה החבילה |
It's a great idea. |
.זה רעיון מצוין |
1.1.4. You and your
When addressing the reader, frequent use of the pronoun you and the possessive your is perfectly normal in English, but the Hebrew equivalents of these words are not used very often. It is best to leave out the instances of these two words (your, in particular) when the Hebrew sentence will work just as well without שלכם, שלך, etc.
Example
Source text | Once you’ve entered your shopping cart and chosen your method of payment, your order will be ready for shipping to the registered address for your account. |
✘ |
אחרי שנכנסתם לעגלת הקניות שלכם ובחרתם את אמצעי התשלום שלכם, ההזמנה שלכם תהיה מוכנה למשלוח אל הכתובת הרשומה שלכם |
✓ | אחרי שנכנסים לעגלת הקניות ובוחרים את אמצעי התשלום, ההזמנה תהיה מוכנה למשלוח אל הכתובת הרשומה בחשבון |
1.1.5. Action names
Generally speaking, the use of verbs is preferred to the use of nouns when writing actions in Hebrew as it gives a more immediate feeling of the action taking place in the sentence.
Example
Source text | Failure to pay the advance may lead to increased interest rates. |
✘ | .אי תשלום המקדמה עלול לגרור שיעורי ריבית גבוהים יותר |
✓ | .אם לא תשלמו את המקדמה, יתכן שהריבית תעלה |
1.1.6. Bulleted lists
All items in a list should be translated consistently, using the same verb form, etc., and also in agreement with the expression preceding the colon.
Example
Source text |
You should: Wash your hands frequently Sneeze into your elbow Keep a safe distance of 1 meter from others |
✘ |
חשוב לשטוף ידיים לעתים תכופות התעטשו אל גומת המרפק יש לשמור על מרחק ביטחון של מטר מאנשים אחרים
|
✓ |
חשוב לשטוף ידיים לעתים תכופות להתעטש אל גומת המרפק לשמור על מרחק ביטחון של מטר מאנשים אחרים |
1.2. Verbs
1.2.1. Imperative
When using the imperative form, use the plural form for gender neutrality, or rephrase in a gender-neutral manner without using the imperative.
Example
Source text | Don’t forget to click Submit at the end. |
✘ | .אל תשכח ללחוץ על "שליחה" בסיום |
✓ | .אל תשכחו ללחוץ על "שליחה" בסיום (Gender-neutrality in the use of the imperative) |
✓ | .חשוב לא לשכוח ללחוץ על "שליחה" בסיום (Gender-neutrality by rephrasing without use of the imperative) |
Where applicable, consider using the impersonal form (אומרים ישנה ארץ) to convey the meaning clearly while both keeping gender neutrality and phrasing, in a way that fits situations when using the plural form seems less natural, such as giving instructions (פתח את העמוד, חפש את המוצר ולחץ על הכפתור שלידו vs. פיתחו את העמוד, חפשו את המוצר ולחצו על הכפתור שלידו - open[singular] the page, look[singular] for the product, and push[singular] the button next to it, vs. open[plural] the page, look[plural] for the product, and push[plural] the button next to it).
Example
Source text | Click the right-hand menu to see a list of possible actions. |
✘ | .לחץ על התפריט שבצד ימין כדי לראות רשימה של פעולות אפשריות |
✓ | .כשלוחצים על התפריט שבצד ימין רואים רשימה של פעולות אפשריות |
1.2.2. Active voice
The active voice is preferable to the passive voice when translating into Hebrew. Try to phrase sentences in an active voice as much as possible, even if the English source uses the passive voice. Use the passive voice sparingly and only if it is natural-sounding for that sentence.
Example
Source text |
Your request has been reviewed and denied by myself and Human Resources. |
✘ | בקשתך נבחנה ונדחתה בידיי ובידי מחלקת כוח אדם. |
✓ | אני ומחלקת כוח אדם בחנו את בקשתך ודחינו אותה. |
1.2.3. Verbal subordinate clauses
In a sentence in English that has a verbal subordinate clause, when the main clause verb is in the past tense, the subordinate clause verb will usually also be in the past. But when translating into Hebrew, the latter verb can, and usually should, be set in the present tense.
Example
Source text | They said they were not happy. |
✘ | .הם אמרו שהם לא היו מרוצים |
✓ | .הם אמרו שהם לא מרוצים |
1.2.4. Present perfect tense
Hebrew does not have an equivalent tense for the present perfect, and therefore, the Hebrew past tense will usually be the tense of choice for the English present perfect. However, when the action described by the verb is still going on, consider translating using the Hebrew present tense.
Example
Source text | This technology has provided users with everything they need to navigate the current economy. |
✘ | .הטכנולוגיה הזאת נתנה למשתמשים את כל מה שהם צריכים כדי להתמודד בשוק של ימינו |
✓ | .הטכנולוגיה הזאת נותנת למשתמשים את כל מה שהם צריכים כדי להתמודד בשוק של ימינו |
1.3. Nouns
1.3.1. The construct state - סמיכות: בגדי המלך
When there is a chain of construct states, meaning more than one in the noun phrase, it is advisable to break the chain into smaller parts.
Example
Source text | The user’s login details |
✘ | פרטי התחברות המשתמש |
✓ | פרטי ההתחברות של המשתמש |
When inflecting a construct state in the plural, consider changing it to noun + של + noun if it feels more natural.
Example
Source text | Here’s a list of company events this coming month. |
✘ | הנה רשימה של ארועי החברה בחודש הקרוב (valid, but less natural than:) |
✓ | הנה רשימה של ארועים של החברה בחודש הקרוב |
1.3.1.1. The article in the construct state
In Hebrew, when a construct noun (שם עצם בסמיכות) gets the definite article, it is appended to the second component (הנסמך).
Example
Source text | Our school |
✘ | הבית-ספר שלנו |
✓ | בית-הספר שלנו |
When there are multiple components relating to the same noun in a construct state, it is better to not try to write a “double” construct noun.
Examples
Source text | The unit’s soldiers and commanders |
✘ | חיילי ומפקדי היחידה |
✓ | חיילי היחידה ומפקדיה |
✓ | חייליה ומפקדיה של היחידה |
✓ | החיילים והמפקדים של היחידה |
Source text | Editing and processing the text |
✘ | עיבוד ועריכת הטקסט |
✓ | עיבודו של הטקסט ועריכתו |
✓ | עיבודו ועריכתו של הטקסט |
✓ | עיבוד ועריכה של הטקסט |
1.3.2. Modifiers
In English, the noun modifier in a noun phrase looks the same, whether it represents a singular noun or a plural one. When translating into Hebrew, consider whether to translate it in the plural or in the singular, based on whether in this particular phrase and context the noun modifier represents a plural or a singular.
Examples
Source text | The submitted request forms |
✘ | טופסי הבקשות שנשלחו |
✓ | טופסי הבקשה שנשלחו |
Source text | Full list of customer transactions (when there is no indication of referring to an individual customer) |
✘ | רשימה מלאה של עסקאות הלקוח |
✓ | רשימה מלאה של עסקאות הלקוחות |
2. Lexicon
2.1. Generic actions vs. specific actions
Whenever possible, use meaningful verbs that are particular to the specific action. Also, instead of using a general verb such as make, do, etc. + gerund (שם פעולה; for example, make modifications) use a particular verb (for example, לְשַׁנוֹת, modify).
Examples
Source text | This test makes use of advanced technology. |
✘ | בדיקה זו עושה שימוש בטכנולוגיה מתקדמת |
✓ | בדיקה זו משתמשת בטכנולוגיה מתקדמת |
Source text | I’ve made some bread. |
✘ | עשיתי לחם |
✓ | אפיתי לחם |
Source text | I have to make a doctor’s appointment. |
✘ | עלי לעשות תור לרופא |
✓ | עלי לקבוע תור לרופא |
3. Orthography
3.1. Spelling
Spelling should follow the Academy of the Hebrew Language’s כתיב מלא spelling rules (non-vocalized), which can be found on the Academy’s website at the following URL: https://hebrew-academy.org.il/topic/hahlatot/missingvocalizationspelling/#target-3390
The main consideration behind these spelling rules is to avoid ambiguity, meaning to prevent cases where a word can be read in several ways.
However, do not use כתיב מלא in cases where the commonly used spelling is in כתיב חסר (vocalized spelling). In any case, never use diacritics (including when you use כתיב חסר). Although in 2017 the Academy amended their rules in order to change this habit (using כתיב חסר as the commonly used spelling of some words), you should nevertheless use כתיב חסר for cases where it is the commonly used spelling (even if the Academy’s amendment of 2017 states otherwise).
The amendment can be found here.
Examples of these exceptions (when כתיב חסר is warranted despite the general guideline to use כתיב מלא):
Source text | Art |
✘ | אומנות |
✓ | אמנות |
Source text | Afternoon |
✘ | צוהריים |
✓ | צהריים |
Source text | Mother |
✘ | אימא |
✓ | אמא |
3.1.1. Hebrew clitics with English words/numbers
When a Hebrew clitic (preposition letters such as ’ב’, ל’, מ’, כ, the definite article ‘ה, the conjunctions ‘ו’, ש, etc.) precedes an English word or a number, separate them with a hyphen.
Example
Source text | Tiv Taam and AM PM are two of the top 20 most recognized brands in the retail market. |
✘ | טיב טעם וAM PM הם שניים מ20 המותגים המוכרים ביותר בשוק הקמעונאי. |
✓ | טיב טעם ו-AM PM הם שניים מ-20 המותגים המוכרים ביותר בשוק הקמעונאי. |
When there are placeholders in the text that will be populated with numbers or email addresses, treat them as you would treat the values that will take their place, which means that here you should separate them with a hyphen.
3.2. Capitalization
There is no capitalization in Hebrew.
3.3. Punctuation
3.3.1 Apostrophe
An apostrophe is used to shorten a single word, and it is placed after the last letter of the shortened word. See section 6.5 for clarifications about when to use a single apostrophe and when to use a double apostrophe.
Examples
וגו' (וגומר), מס' (מספר), עמ' (עמוד), ר' (רבי), ס' (סימן).
When a Hebrew letter appears alone, add the apostrophe.
Example
Source text | Article B |
✘ | סעיף ב |
✓ | ‘סעיף ב |
3.3.2. Exclamation marks
The exclamation mark (!) may be used in English text quite normally, but in Hebrew, it carries much more emphasis and should be used only in cases where serious excitement is being conveyed, or where project-specific instructions specify a very enthusiastic tone.
Example
Source text | Thank you! |
✘ | !תודה |
✓ | .תודה |
3.4. Special symbols
Ampersand (&) and the number sign/pound sign (#) are not used in Hebrew in any way.
If the symbol “&” appears in the source text, change it to: ‘וכן, גם, ו (i.e., “and”).
If the symbol “#” appears in the source text, change it to: מספר (i.e., “number”).
Use the symbol “@” only in email addresses.
4. Register
Register may be more or less formal depending on the project-specific instructions. Generally speaking, for commercial material, use correct Hebrew as expected in written text, and avoid both overly high register and very low register or slang.
Unless a low register is specifically allowed, such as in marketing materials, use the imperative and not the future tense for ציווי (imperative).
Example
Source text | Tell us what you think |
✘ | תספרו לנו מה אתם חושבים. |
✓ | ספרו לנו מה אתם חושבים. |
4.1. Use of please
The use of “please” is very common in English, especially in various forms of user communications. In Hebrew, it is much less common, and frequent use of it will look unnatural. Often, the best way to translate it is to omit it altogether.
Example
Source text | Please try again later. |
✘ | .נא לנסות שוב מאוחר יותר/אנא נסו שוב מאוחר יותר |
✓ | .יש לנסות שוב מאוחר יותר/נסו שוב מאוחר יותר |
5. Localization challenges
Most of these challenges refer to unique entities, such as persons, places, organizations and brands, the specific format of dates, addresses and so on. Languages may adopt different rules regarding whether those units should be translated, reformatted or kept as in the original language. When editing a text, you should follow your language's rules for all different types of units listed below. However, please note that if there is a glossary provided by the client that includes some of them, you should always apply the glossary items.
5.1. Homographs
Always re-read the sentence you have written and look out for any word that can be read in more than one way, which may confuse the reader and make them read a second time, and in some cases might even lead to a misinterpretation of the sentence you wrote. If you’ve found such an ambiguous word, rephrase the sentence in a different way that prevents the possible misinterpretation.
Example
Source text | Such product names are prone to be forgotten. |
✘ | שמות מוצרים כאלה מועדים לשכחה |
✓ | קל לשכוח שמות כאלה של מוצרים |
5.2. Organization names
If a specific organization has a commonly used name in Hebrew texts (you can search for it online), use that name. If not, use your judgment whether to translate or transliterate the product name based on how natural it will feel to the reader.
- Transliteration (תעתיק) is writing the English sounds in Hebrew letters. Aim to use the transliteration guidelines outlined here when transliterating to Hebrew:
https://hebrew-academy.org.il/wp-content/uploads/taatik-loazit-2020.pdf
- When translating an organization name, consider adding the full English name, or acronym when applicable, in parentheses.
Examples
Source text | Doctors without Borders |
✘ | דוקטורז ווית'אוט בורדרז |
✓ | רופאים ללא גבולות |
✓ | רופאים ללא גבולות (Doctors without Borders) |
Source text | Bank of America |
✘ | בנק של אמריקה |
✓ | בנק אוף אמריקה |
If the organization name is an acronym, transliterate it, and consider adding the English acronym in parentheses when the transliterated name:
- is not a commonly known name such as: NBA, DNA, NASA, CIA (אן-בי-איי, די-אן-איי, נאס”א, סי-איי-איי);
- has ambiguous letter transliteration in it, such as איי, which can stand for either A or I.
5.3. Brand and product names
If the brand or product is known in Israel, use the common way they are written.
Otherwise:
- Use your judgment on whether to translate or transliterate the product name, based on how natural it will feel to the reader;
- For transliterated brand names, consider adding the English name in parentheses if it will make life easier for the reader.
For more details about transliteration, see section 6.2.
5.4. Software lexicon and expressions
Commands, menus, sections and buttons: use the gerund (for example: שמירה, לחיצה, אישור), which is gender-neutral.
Examples
Source text | To save your changes, click Save. |
✘ | .“כדי לשמור את השינויים שביצעת, יש ללחוץ על "שמור |
✓ | .”כדי לשמור את השינויים שביצעת, יש ללחוץ על "שמירה |
Source text | Manage your orders. |
✘ | לנהל הזמנות |
✓ | ניהול הזמנות |
5.5. Acronyms and abbreviations
To indicate a shortened word, use an apostrophe (‘ - גרש), and see section 4.3.1 for more details.
Example
Source text | etc., no. |
✘ | וכו, מס. |
✓ | וכו', מס' |
An exception to this rule is the word Doctor, which is shortened as ד”ר, but this is not the standard way to shorten single words and should be used only for this word.
To indicate an acronym, use the double apostrophe symbol (“), and place it in its standard correct location.
Example
Source text | later, school, IDF, Rashi |
✘ | אח'כ, בי'ס, צ.ה.ל, ר"שי |
✓ | אח"כ, בי"ס, צה"ל, רש"י |
5.6. Numeric expressions
5.6.1. Numbers
Numbers between 1 and 10 should be spelled out.
Numbers from 11 and above should be written as numerals.
In short marketing texts and in technical or scientific texts, numerals are ok for numbers between 1 and 10 as well. This also applies to sizes and measurements:
Examples
Source text | 1 TB |
✘ | אחת טרה בייט |
✘ | טרה בייט אחת |
✓ | 1 טרה-בייט |
Source text | 2 cm |
✘ | שני ס"מ |
✓ | 2 ס"מ |
5.6.2. Decimals
A full stop is always used in Hebrew as a decimal point.
Example
✘ 3,5 |
✓ 3.5 |
Decimal fractions should be preceded by a zero.
Example
✘ .5 |
✓ 0.5 |
5.6.3. Thousand separator
Always use a comma as a separator after the thousands (and millions, etc.) digit.
Example
✘ 3’500 |
✘ 3.500 |
✘ 3500 |
✓ 3,500 |
5.6.4. Number range
A range of numbers is marked with a hyphen with the lower number on the left and the higher number on the right.
Example
Source text |
I buy 3-5 pairs of shoes every month. |
✘ | .אני קונה 5-3 זוגות נעליים כל חודש |
✓ | .אני קונה 3-5 זוגות נעליים כל חודש |
5.7. Time expressions
If the time you are specifying is PM, use the 24-hour format or write אחה”צ/בערב/בלילה, etc.
If the time you are specifying is AM, use the 24-hour format or write בבוקר/לפנות בוקר, etc.
Example
Source text | 5 PM |
✘ | 5 |
✘ | חמש |
✓ | חמש אחה”צ |
✓ | 17:00 |
5.8. Weekdays
When the text mentions weekdays or the weekend, be sure to determine whether it refers to the universal weekdays (Monday-Friday) and weekend (Saturday-Sunday), or the Jewish ones (Sunday-Thursday for weekdays, Friday-Saturday for the weekend).
You should note that this difference carries cultural meaning and is not merely a date specification. So, Monday morning blues is what you feel on a Sunday morning in Israel (akin to ‘שבי”זות יום א), and whatever makes you happy on a Saturday night in London would make you happy on a Friday night in Haifa.
Also, unless the specific text has a religious Jewish context, translate Friday night as יום שישי בערב and not ערב שבת.
5.9. Date expressions
Apply the European date format: DD-MM-YYYY. This is the format our clients usually use as well.
5.10. Phone numbers
For local numbers (within Israel), include the zero in the provider/area code, and do not include the country code for Israel.
Example (Israeli number, local call)
✘ 972-52-8019244 |
✓ 052-8019244 |
If an Israeli phone number is referenced in a context where it might be called from outside of Israel, do the opposite. This means you should include the country code for Israel and don’t include the zero in the provider/area code. Similarly, if an international phone number (outside of Israel) is referenced, include the country code of the relevant country.
Example (Israeli number called from outside of Israel)
✘ 052-8019244 |
✓ 972-52-8019244 |
Example (American number called from Israel)
✘ 617-0694002 |
✓ 1-617-0694002 |
5.11. Currency
Write the amount first on the right, followed by the currency name or symbol to its left.
Examples
Source text | The price is 13 EUR. |
✘ | המחיר הוא יורו 13. |
✘ | המחיר הוא € 13. |
✓ | .המחיר הוא 13 יורו |
✓ | .€ המחיר הוא 13 |
Source text | Source text: The price is 50 dollars. |
✘ | המחיר הוא דולר 50. |
✘ | המחיר הוא $ 50. |
✓ | .המחיר הוא 50 דולר |
✓ | .$ המחיר הוא 50 |
5.12. Measures
Measures should always keep the format of the source text and should never be converted. You should only translate them when they have an equivalent term in your language. This means that, when translating measure terms expressed in Imperial units (e.g. inch, foot, yard, mile, acre, ounce, pound, gallon), you should only translate the term to Hebrew. Abbreviations of measure units, like km or kg, should also be translated to Hebrew
5.13. Street addresses
The correct address format for Hebrew is the following:
Street in Hebrew (רחוב) + Street Name + Street Number, Extra location info (if any), City, Postcode, Country
Example
Source text | 33 Weitzman St., Rehovot 45500 Israel |
✘ | 33 רחוב וייצמן, רחובות 45500, ישראל |
✓ | רחוב וייצמן 33, כניסה א', רחובות 45500, ישראל |
If the address is in a country other than Israel, translate only the country name (do not abbreviate it) and leave the rest of the address in English.
6. Most frequent errors
6.1. Commonly misspelled words
6.1.1. קובץ (file) and similar words
Words that have a similar form as the word קובץ: The plural form is קבצים, but when it is the first member of a construct noun it should be spelled: קובצי. Other examples include טופס (form), טופסי and גודל (size), גודלי.
Example
Source text | Source files |
✘ | קבצי מקור |
✓ | קובצי מקור |
6.1.2. The words כול (every/all) and הכול (everything)
When כול is the first member of a construct noun, it should be spelled: כל. However, when כול or הכול are not the first member of a construct noun (whether they stand alone, or are the second member of a construct noun),they should be spelled כול and הכול, respectively.
Examples
Source text | All files |
✘ | כול הקבצים |
✓ | כל הקבצים |
Source text | All is lost |
✘ | הכל אבוד |
✓ | הכול אבוד |
Source text | After all |
✘ | ככלות הכל |
✓ | ככלות הכול |
6.2. Other common errors
6.2.1. The word בר (has an attribute/is of a specific character)
The Aramaic word בר means בן and is used in phrases denoting having an attribute or being of a certain character, such as בר ביצוע (performable), or בר מזל (lucky). As there is often confusion about the word’s inflection, please take care to use the correct forms as follows:
Examples
Source text | They are lucky. |
✘ | .הם ברי מזל |
✓ | .הם בני מזל |
Source text | The girls are lucky. |
✘ | .הבנות ברות מזל |
✓ | .הבנות בנות מזל |
Source text | She is lucky. |
✘ | .היא ברת מזל |
✓ | .היא בת מזל |
6.2.2. ימות/ימי השבוע (the days of the week)
The expression ימות השבוע is incorrect, ימות is the plural of ימה not of ימים.
Example
Source text | The days of the week |
✘ | ימות השבוע |
✓ | ימי השבוע |
6.2.3. גילאי/גילי (ages, in construct form)
The expression גילאי is incorrect, גילי is the correct form.
Example
Source text | Children aged 5-7 |
✘ | ילדים בגילאי 5-7 |
✓ | ילדים בגילי 5-7 |
6.2.4. The word איזה (which/what/such)
The word איזה (“which”, or “what”/”such”, depending on context) is for singular male nouns. For singular female nouns, use איזו, and for plural nouns (either male or female), use the word אילו.
Example
Source text | Such a lovely surprise! |
✘ | איזה הפתעה נחמדה |
✓ | איזו הפתעה נחמדה |
Source text | Which books did you like in high school? |
✘ | ?איזה ספרים אהבת בתיכון |
✓ | ?אילו ספרים אהבת בתיכון |
6.2.5. The verb to take
The verb to take has several senses in Hebrew, including לקבל, and not only לקחת. Make sure you use the one that is appropriate in the context (and see section 3.2 for similar guidelines about other verbs).
Source text | She has to take this call. |
✘ | .היא חייבת לקחת את השיחה הזו |
✓ | .היא חייבת לענות לשיחה הזו |
6.2.6. The verb to break
The verb to break has several senses in Hebrew, including לקלקל, and not only לשבור. Make sure you use the one that is appropriate in the context.
Example
Source text | A satellite that has broken but keeps orbiting earth. |
✘ | לווין שנשבר אבל ממשיך להקיף את כדור הארץ |
✓ | לווין שהתקלקל אבל ממשיך להקיף את כדור הארץ |
6.2.7. The preposition על ידי (by)
The preposition על ידי should be used before the tool or method an action was taken.
The preposition בידי should be used before the party that took the action. Although both are translated to by in English, there are different usages for each of them.
Example
A request can be submitted by filling out and sending the attached form. | .ניתן להגיש בקשה על ידי מילוי הטופס המצורף ושליחתו |
However...
Source text | Our products are designed by the best designers in the country. |
✘ | .המוצרים שלנו מעוצבים על ידי המעצבים הטובים במדינה |
✓ | .המוצרים שלנו מעוצבים בידי המעצבים הטובים במדינה |
7. Useful online resources
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/language/
Gender-neutral writing guide:
Comments
0 comments
Article is closed for comments.